Mechanical Engineering

Solid Mechanics

• Modelling: Can model a wide range of structures, contacts, and nonlinearities, including hyperelasticity, elastoplasticity, viscoplasticity, creep, porous plasticity, and shape memory alloys.

• Analysis: Capable of static and dynamic analysis, including frequency domain and natural frequency analysis, and buckling analysis for structural stability.

• Composite Materials: Expertise in modelling composite materials, including micromechanical analysis and delamination modelling.

• Fatigue Analysis: Can analyse high-cycle and low-cycle fatigue, including cumulative damage, energy-based fatigue, thermal fatigue, vibration fatigue, and stress- and strain-based critical plane methods.

• Multibody Dynamics: Proficient in modelling and analysing systems of interconnected rigid and flexible bodies, vital for designing moving mechanical systems.

Acoustics

• Analysis Methods: Proficient in analyzing vibro and aero acoustic responses, both in the frequency domain using the Helmholtz equation and in the time domain using the scalar wave equation.

• Sound Propagation: Efficient modeling of sound propagation in solids and fluids, allowing for the study of acoustic behavior in different media.

• Specialized Acoustic Models: Capable of modeling thermoviscous acoustics (considering thermal and viscous effects), ultrasound (high-frequency sound waves used in medical imaging and industry), and ray acoustics (focused on ray tracing and sound propagation).

• Boundary Conditions: Utilizes perfectly matched layers (PML) to effectively simulate wave absorption at boundaries and infinite domain modeling for scenarios where wave propagation extends indefinitely.

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)

• Fluid Flow Simulation: Proficient in modeling fluid flow by considering the fundamental principles of conservation of momentum, mass, and energy in fluids for compressible/incompressible flows.

• Turbulence Modeling: Capable of using Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence models and large eddy simulation (LES) for accurately simulating turbulent flow phenomena.

• Specialized Flows: Expertise in modeling specialized flow scenarios such as thin film flow (very thin layers of fluid), multiphase flow (interactions between different fluid phases), porous media flow (flow through porous materials), high Mach number flow (high-speed flow), non-isothermal flow (temperature-dependent flow), and fluid-structure interaction (interaction between fluids and structures).

Heat Transfer

• Proficient in modeling heat transfer through conduction, convection, and radiation.

• Capable of simulating conjugate heat transfer, considering interactions between fluid flow and temperature distribution.

• Expertise in modeling non-isothermal flow effects, where temperature variations significantly affect fluid behavior.

• Can model surface-to-surface radiation interactions, including those on diffuse surfaces, mixed diffuse-specular surfaces, and semi-transparent layers.

Manufacturing and CAM

• Proficient in modeling various manufacturing processes, including welding, forming (sheet metal and bulk metal), additive manufacturing, and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM).

• Capable of predicting and analyzing profile distortions, residual stresses, temperatures, and heat-affected zones in manufactured components.

• Expertise in simulating the development of microstructures during manufacturing processes.

• CAM plays a critical role in CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machining, where it simulates the toolpath and generates precise instructions for CNC machines to follow during the manufacturing process.

Dynamic System Simulation

• Multiphysics Systems: Many contemporary systems, such as automobiles, are multiphysics in nature. This means they involve multiple physical domains or phenomena, such as mechanical, electrical, controls, green energy, hydraulics, pneumatics, thermics, and power transmission. Understanding and modeling these systems as a whole is essential for their design, analysis, and optimization.

• Subsystem Modeling: Within these multiphysics systems, there are subsystems that represent distinct functional areas like the mechanical system, electrical system, and more. Each subsystem interacts with the others, making it necessary to model and simulate them together to understand their collective behavior.

• Component-Level Modelling: Each subsystem is composed of various components like engines, motors, batteries, compressors, tires, valves, and functions. These components can be suitably represented using lumped-parameter models that consider their engineering parameters. These models simplify complex physical systems into manageable mathematical representations.

• Efficient Simulations: The described approach is often referred to as a mesh-free approach. It doesn't require dividing the system into small elements (meshes), which can be computationally expensive for complex systems. With suitable assumptions and simplifications, engineers can derive ODEs that govern the system's dynamics. These simplified models are computationally efficient and can be solved on ordinary computers.